What is an industrial X-ray inspection machine and how does it work?

An industrial X-ray inspection machine (also called a cabinet X-ray system) uses controlled X-ray radiation to penetrate metallic and non-metallic workpieces, producing a digital image of internal structures. Unlike medical X-rays, industrial systems are designed for non-destructive testing (NDT), meaning the inspected parts remain undamaged. The X-ray beam passes through the object and is captured by a detector (flat panel or film), revealing internal defects such as porosity, cracks, inclusions, and voids.